Initial commit: n8n Strike API node

- Add Strike API credentials configuration
- Implement Strike node with 9 resources (Account, Balance, Currency Exchange, Deposit, Invoice, Payment, Payment Method, Payout, Rates)
- Add comprehensive operation descriptions for all resources
- Include CLAUDE.MD documentation
- Set up build configuration with TypeScript, ESLint, and Prettier

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

node_modules/flagged-respawn/lib/remover.js

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+var isV8flags = require('./is-v8flags');
+
+module.exports = function(flags, argv) {
+  var args = argv.slice(0, 1);
+  for (var i = 1, n = argv.length; i < n; i++) {
+    var arg = argv[i];
+    var flag = arg.split('=')[0];
+    if (!isV8flags(flag, flags)) {
+      args.push(arg);
+    }
+  }
+  return args;
+};